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[infowar.de] APEC macht jetzt auch Cyberterror-Bekämpfung
Infowar.de, http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~bendrath/liste.html
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=2E.. dazu einige Hintergr=FCnde zur Cyberterror-Studie der American Bar
Association (Vereinigung der Anwaltskammern): Sehr liberal und auf Privacy
ausgerichtet.
RB
U.S. Aiding Asia-Pacific Anti-Cybercrime Efforts
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17801-2002Aug14.html
By Brian Krebs
washingtonpost.com Staff Writer
Wednesday, August 14, 2002; 3:12 PM
U.S. law enforcement officials will meet with representatives from a
host of Asia-Pacific countries this weekend as part of an
international training program to help developing nations combat
computer crime and cyberterrorism.
The two-day event, to take place in Moscow in conjunction with the
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) ministerial forum, is
intended to provide expert advice and other assistance on how national
laws and investigative techniques can be updated to address a range of
traditional crimes that have migrated to the Internet. Topics on the
agenda include overviews of the myriad technologies employed by
cybercriminals and models for international cooperation in cybercrime
investigations.
"Our experience has been that these countries are always looking to
see where the weaknesses in their legal system are, and whether their
laws need to be rewritten to take into account new technologies," said
one Justice Department official familiar with the program.
The forum also will address methods for identifying computer viruses
and cyber threats to vital national infrastructures.
The outreach effort, led by the Justice Department and the FBI with
support from the State Department and the U.S. Agency for
International Development (USAID), is aimed at decision-makers and
legal experts from nearly all 26 members of the APEC forum, including
Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea,
Thailand and Vietnam.
The program comes as the Bush administration is seeking increased
cooperation from foreign nations in prosecuting cybercrime and
steeling U.S-based infrastructures against potential cyberterrorists.
Southeast Asian foreign ministers last month joined U.S. Secretary of
State Colin Powell in signing a counter-terrorism declaration that
included a promise to strengthen and harmonize laws against
cybercrime. In September, the White House is expected to release its
national strategy for protecting the nation's most critical computer
systems from cyberattack.
Following the U.S. Lead
Many APEC nations lack laws to prosecute hackers within their borders,
much less assist other nations in multinational cybercrime
investigations. Yet, nearly 40 percent of all cyberattacks involve
computers located in Asian nations, according to the latest statistics
from DShield.org, a company that monitors network intrusions.
In contrast, while the U.S. is also the origin of a large number of
cyberattacks, it has some of the toughest computer crime laws in the
world, some of which were put in place in the wake of last September's
terrorist attacks on New York and Washington.
The USA Patriot Act, signed into law in November, increased the
maximum sentence for unauthorized hacking from 5 years to 10 years.
And a bill passed last month by the House of Representatives would
send hackers to jail for life if they cause someone serious injury or
death in the process, either intentionally or by accident.
Justice Department officials say their outreach program is less about
encouraging nations to adopt U.S.-style cybercrime laws than using
them as examples of ways to proceed in drafting their own computer
crime statutes and mutual assistance agreements with other nations.
A few Asian nations that have recently enacted cybercrime laws now
levy civil - not criminal - penalties and fines for a broad range of
hacking activity.
In Vietnam, for example, using someone else's password to illegally
access Internet services carries a fine ranging from $13 to $67. A
person convicted of sending computer viruses faces a maximum penalty
of $1,333 to $3,333, according to a survey by the Work-it Group, which
specializes in information and infrastructure security issues from the
legal and management perspective.
"My experience is that the legal frameworks in many countries are
woefully deficient," said Work-it Group President Jody Westby. "Many
developing countries are not now working on an international level,
and they need help on how to do that. Just having a 24-7 point of
contact (on cybercrime issues) is probably something that hasn't
occurred to most of them."
Westby is also chair of the American Bar Association's International
Cybercrime Project, which circulated a draft version of its
"International Guide to Combating Cybercrime," at its annual meeting
in Washington, D.C. this week.
The 224-page report outlines the law enforcement challenges posed by
cybercriminals, and offers a blueprint for countries struggling to
overhaul their laws to include a range of common computer crimes.
Balancing Privacy & Security
The ABA report also provides guidance on more ethical considerations,
such as balancing the need for acceptable search and seizure
procedures with privacy and human rights concerns.
Such considerations are especially important for developing nations in
which the government still maintains a controlling stake in the
telecommunications infrastructure, said James X. Dempsey, deputy
director of the Center for Democracy and co-chair of the report's
Electronic Search & Seizure Working Group.
"The tradition in most developing countries has been zero controls on
government surveillance because the telephone company is frequently a
branch of government," Dempsey said. "What this report says is that as
countries around the world grapple with cybercrime laws and
necessarily address the question of government access to
communications data, they need adopt legal standards that limit
government surveillance to ensure a certain level of public trust in
those networks."
Without that trust, Dempsey said, developing nations risk alienating
investors.
"If countries are looking to attract foreign investment and compete
globally in the information age, economically they need to address
privacy and give assurances that the host government will not
arbitrarily monitor the communications networks," he said.
The ABA report represents an unusual collaboration among more than 60
industry, law enforcement and privacy groups. In fact, the search and
seizure portion of the study was drafted with the help of some the
most vocal critics of US privacy and surveillance laws, including the
Electronic Privacy Information Center and the Electronic Frontier
Foundation.
"The fact is that for all the concerns that and other privacy
advocates and I sometimes share about the Patriot Act and other U.S.
surveillance laws, U.S. law is far and away the best system in the
world in terms of privacy protection," Dempsey said.
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