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[infowar.de] Software Being Developed to Monitor Opinions of U.S.
Die Frage ist: Entspricht das wirklich dem TIA, wie Marc Rotenberg
behauptet, oder ist es sinnvoll, wenn eine Regierung Open Source
Intelligence macht und zur Kenntnis nimmt, was über sie veröffentlicht wird?
RB
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/04/us/04monitor.html
Software Being Developed to Monitor Opinions of U.S.
By ERIC LIPTON
Published: October 4, 2006
WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 — A consortium of major universities, using Homeland
Security Department money, is developing software that would let the
government monitor negative opinions of the United States or its leaders
in newspapers and other publications overseas.
Such a “sentiment analysis” is intended to identify potential threats to
the nation, security officials said.
Researchers at institutions including Cornell, the University of
Pittsburgh and the University of Utah intend to test the system on
hundreds of articles published in 2001 and 2002 on topics like President
Bush’s use of the term “axis of evil,” the handling of detainees at
Guantánamo Bay, the debate over global warming and the coup attempt
against President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela.
A $2.4 million grant will finance the research over three years.
American officials have long relied on newspapers and other news sources
to track events and opinions here and abroad, a goal that has included the
routine translation of articles from many foreign publications and news
services.
The new software would allow much more rapid and comprehensive monitoring
of the global news media, as the Homeland Security Department and,
perhaps, intelligence agencies look “to identify common patterns from
numerous sources of information which might be indicative of potential
threats to the nation,” a statement by the department said.
It could take several years for such a monitoring system to be in place,
said Joe Kielman, coordinator of the research effort. The monitoring would
not extend to United States news, Mr. Kielman said.
“We want to understand the rhetoric that is being published and how
intense it is, such as the difference between dislike and excoriate,” he said.
Even the basic research has raised concern among journalism advocates and
privacy groups, as well as representatives of the foreign news media.
“It is just creepy and Orwellian,” said Lucy Dalglish, a lawyer and former
editor who is executive director of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of
the Press.
Andrei Sitov, Washington bureau chief of the Itar-Tass news agency of
Russia, said he hoped that the objective did not go beyond simply
identifying threats to efforts to stifle criticism about an American
president or administration.
“This is what makes your country great, the open society where people can
criticize their own government,” Mr. Sitov said.
The researchers, using an grant provided by a research group once
affiliated with the Central Intelligence Agency, have complied a database
of hundreds of articles that it is being used to train a computer to
recognize, rank and interpret statements.
The software would need to be able to distinguish between statements like
“this spaghetti is good” and “this spaghetti is not very good — it’s
excellent,” said Claire T. Cardie, a professor of computer science at Cornell.
Professor Cardie ranked the second statement as a more intense positive
opinion than the first.
The articles in the database include work from many American newspapers
and news wire services, including The Miami Herald and The New York Times,
as well as foreign sources like Agence France-Presse and The Dawn, a
newspaper in Pakistan.
One article discusses how a rabid fox bit a grazing cow in Romania, hardly
a threat to the United States. Another item, an editorial in response to
Mr. Bush’s use in 2002 of “axis of evil” to describe Iraq, Iran and North
Korea, said: “The U.S. is the first nation to have developed nuclear
weapons. Moreover, the U.S. is the first and only nation ever to deploy
such weapons.”
The approach, called natural language processing, has been under
development for decades. It is widely used to summarize basic facts in a
text or to create abridged versions of articles.
But interpreting and rating expressions of opinion, without making too
many errors, has been much more challenging, said Professor Cardie and
Janyce M. Wiebe, an associate professor of computer science at the
University of Pittsburgh. Their system would include a confidence rating
for each “opinion” that it evaluates and would allow an official to refer
quickly to the actual text that the computer indicates contains an intense
anti-American statement.
Ultimately, the government could in a semiautomated way track a statement
by specific individuals abroad or track reports by particular foreign news
outlets or journalists, rating comments about American policies or officials.
Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information
Center in Washington, said the effort recalled the aborted 2002 push by a
Defense Department agency to develop a tracking system called Total
Information Awareness that was intended to detect terrorists by analyzing
troves of information.
“That is really chilling,” Mr. Rotenberg said. “And it seems far afield
from the mission of homeland security.”
Federal law prohibits the Homeland Security Department or other
intelligence agencies from building such a database on American citizens,
and no effort would be made to do that, a spokesman for the department,
Christopher Kelly, said. But there would be no such restrictions on using
foreign news media, Mr. Kelly said.
Mr. Kielman, the project coordinator, said questions on using the software
were premature because the department was just now financing the basic
research necessary to set up an operating system.
Professors Cardie and Wiebe said they understood that there were
legitimate questions about the ultimate use of their software.
“There has to be guidelines and restrictions on the use of this kind of
technology by the government,” Professor Wiebe said. “But it doesn’t mean
it is not useful. It can just as easily help the government understand
what is going on in places around the world.”
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